With the addition of the Fraser alphabet to the Unicode standard in version 5.2, full (or at least near-full) support for upside-down capital letters is now available. The rest of the letters have been encoded into the Unicode IPA section, generating a complete set of upside-down lowercase letters.
The letters s, x, z, and o are rotationally symmetrical, while pairs such as b/q, d/p, and n/u are rotations of each other. Strategies can be used to render words upside down in languages such as HTML that do not permit rotation of text using Unicode characters (especially those in the IPA), a very close approximation of upside-down text (also called flip text) can be achieved. ( June 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This section possibly contains original research. Sideways characters, those that have been rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise (generally the least supported, and used only for a handful of vowels in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet system).Turned characters, those that have been rotated 180 degrees and thus appear upside-down (this is the most common).Inverted characters, those that have been reflected on a horizontal line (i.e., flipped vertically, only one letter has been done this way).Reversed characters, those that have been reflected in a vertical line, or flipped horizontally, like certain Cyrillic script letters.Each of these character names indicates what kind of transformation the characters have undergone: Unicode supports a variety of characters that resemble transformed characters, primarily for various forms of phonetic transcription. The most common of these transformations are rotation and reflection. In the meantime, several ways of producing the visual effects of text transformations have come into use. In the case of HTML, this limitation in display may eventually be addressed through standard cascading style sheets (CSS), since proposed specifications for CSS3 include rotation for block elements. Many systems, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text, do not support transformation of text.
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